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Did you see my post about testing with Wireshark?

Did you mean a USB to RS232 serial converter or a USB to serial TTL one?

I was referring to the logic voltage level differences. In most cases a 5V TTL output shouldn’t be connected to a 3.3V TTL input.

@Malk, This area is a bit of a minefield, there are 3V and 5V TTL adapters. Connect a 5V device Tx to a 3V device Rx and the 3V serial UART will blow. The NVR / DVR / IPCam serial interface PCB MTRJ connector pins are not marked. I've accessed my own NVR / cameras via the serial interface and...

I've never used the hikvision tftp server software, here are some suggestions. Your tftp server is initialised but is not seeing any connect requests from the DVR. make sure your wifi is disabled. the firmware file (digicap.dav) should be in the same folder as the tftp.exe file. Make sure you...

@Malk I've updated my earlier post

TFTP recovery is best done using a direct ethernet cable connection between your laptop and DVR. The ethernet ports on your laptop and DVR will need to support auto crossover. If not you'll need to use a switch or a crossover cable. I assume your DVR has automatically booted into TFTP recovery...

Do you know what the TFTP client address is? David

@phnetik does this video help? David

What does the email say? 2.4G is probably from the wifi network br0(eth0) looks like a bridge interface via an ethernet port. Is the [mac address} always the same? If yes, maybe something to do with 192.168.1.92 which is outside your router DHCP range. David

Fixed static IP addresses are the best way to go, where appropriate a VLAN for CCTV and Access control devices. MAC access control on the VLAN improves security. I prefer using DHCP reservations for the cameras and NVR's.

I'm not sure what you mean by echo range. Most routers have an IP range that is not covered by the DHCP server, is this what you mean? check your router logs. David

Your router DHCP server may not know about the IP addresses you gave to the cameras. What model router do you have? My cameras have DHCP enabled and the router DHCP server assigns fixed IP addresses to each camera. David

@Ryan, give some thought to biometric data privacy and GDPR. David

I do not know if this is possible. If you can use wireshark you can check for tftp activity during the boot phase. what language do you speak? david

I would try AAC, it's been a few years since I last tried it. It gave me problems across mobile data networks so I settled on A-Law. Mainly frequency response, u-Law gives a better high frequency response. A-Law is more flat. As @rorton says frequency response is 300Hz to 3KHz, basic telephone...

The G711 codec is very robust, are you using u (mu) or A law? if mu try A or vice versa. David

@Phil thank you.

The red and black cables are probably the 12Vdc supply to the components in the rj45 socket assembly. Take the back off your camera and send a picture of the pc. I’ve repaired these cables and think the wires go to 2 mtrj connectors, for Ethernet and dc.

I don't think I have the same model as you, my cameras have a rj45 socket. send a picture so I can see your cable and camera together. If needed are you happy to take the cover off the camera (this could invalidate your warranty) and send a picture of the internal pcb connectors?